Kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka khungu ndi kapangidwe kake ka epidermal pakukalamba kwa khungu

Kagayidwe ka maselo m'thupi la munthu ndi kakuti maselo a basal keratinocytes amakwera pang'onopang'ono pamene maselo akusintha, kenako n’kufa kuti apange stratum corneum yopanda nucleated, kenako n’kugwa. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti akamakula, gawo loyambira ndi gawo lozungulira limasokonekera, malo olumikizirana a khungu ndi dermis amakhala athyathyathya, ndipo makulidwe a khungu amachepa. Popeza ndi chotchinga chakunja cha thupi la munthu, khungu limalumikizana mwachindunji ndi malo akunja ndipo limakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakunja. Kukalamba kwa khungu kumawonetsa mosavuta mphamvu ya ukalamba ndi zinthu zakunja pa ukalamba wa munthu.

Mu khungu lokalamba, kusiyana kwa kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi mawonekedwe a madontho a maselo a basal layer kumawonjezeka, malo olumikizirana a epidermis ndi dermis pang'onopang'ono amakhala athyathyathya, msomali wa epidermal umakhala wochepa, ndipo makulidwe a epidermal amachepa. Kukhuthala kwa epidermal kumachepa ndi pafupifupi 6.4% pazaka khumi, ndipo kumachepa mwachangu mwa akazi. Kukhuthala kwa epidermal kumachepa ndi ukalamba. Kusinthaku kumaonekera kwambiri m'malo owonekera, kuphatikiza malo owonekera a nkhope, khosi, manja, ndi manja. Ma Keratinocyte amasintha mawonekedwe pamene khungu likukalamba, limakhala lalifupi komanso lonenepa, pomwe ma keratinocyte amakula chifukwa cha kusintha kwakanthawi kwa epidermal, nthawi yokonzanso ya epidermal yokalamba imawonjezeka, ntchito yowonjezereka ya maselo a epidermal imachepa, ndipo epidermal imakhala yopyapyala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu litaye kulimba komanso makwinya.

Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kalembedwe kameneka, malo olumikizirana a epidermis ndi dermis si olimba ndipo sakhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu zakunja. Chiwerengero cha ma melanocyte chimachepa pang'onopang'ono munthu akakwanitsa zaka 30, mphamvu yofalikira imachepa, ndipo ntchito ya ma melanocyte imachepa pamlingo wa 8%-20% pa zaka khumi zilizonse. Ngakhale kuti khungu silili losavuta kupsa, ma melanocyte amatha kufalikira m'deralo kuti apange mawanga a pigment, makamaka m'malo omwe dzuwa limawala. Maselo a Langerhans nawonso amachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi cha khungu chizichepa komanso chikhale chosavuta kudwala matenda opatsirana.

Chotsukira khunguMakinawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira makwinya a khungu la nkhope, kapangidwe kake, kutayika kwa kolajeni, ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope kuti athandize kuzindikira kukalamba kwa khungu la nkhope.